KP Oli: former primeminister of Nepal

 

 Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli (Nepali: खड्ग प्रसाद शर्मा ओली; born February 22, 1952) is a Nepali communist politician and former Prime Minister of Nepal. He has served two terms as prime minister: from October 11, 2015, to August 3, 2016, and from February 15, 2018, to July 13, 2021, as the first prime minister appointed after the first general election under the new constitution.


Oli is known for taking a hardline stance against the Indian government during and after the 2015 Nepal blockade. He strengthened ties with China as an alternative to Nepal's traditional close trade relations with India and updated Nepal's map through a constitutional amendment to include territories disputed with India. This move garnered him domestic praise and a reputation as a nationalist. During his tenure, Oli was often controversial for his tongue-in-cheek remarks, hostility towards critics and the media, silence on corruption by colleagues and business associates, failure to deliver economic growth, and deviation from promised budgetary expenditures despite having a historic majority in the 2017 legislative election.


### Early Political Career
Born into a Bahun family, Oli began his political career in 1966, opposing the partyless Panchayat system. He joined the Communist Party of Nepal in February 1970 and was first arrested that year. In 1972, he became a district committee member and later the chief of the Jhapa Movement Organizing Committee. Oli was imprisoned for 14 consecutive years from 1973 to 1987 for his opposition to the autocratic Panchayat system. After his release in 1987, he became a central committee member of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and was in charge of the Lumbini zone until 1990.


### Multi-Party Democracy (1991–2006)
After the 1990 People's Movement, Oli was elected to the House of Representatives from Jhapa–6 in 1991. He was appointed chief of the foreign relations department of the CPN (UML) in 1992. He was re-elected to parliament in 1994 and served as the Minister for Home Affairs in Manmohan Adhikari's minority government. In 1999, he was re-elected from Jhapa constituencies 2 and 6, giving up his Jhapa–6 seat.

### Transition Period
Oli was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs in Girija Prasad Koirala's interim government in 2006. He was tasked with investigating the death of politician Madan Bhandari, which was later declared an unsolved murder. Oli lost the 2008 Constituent Assembly election from Jhapa–7 and the election for the position of party chairman to Jhala Nath Khanal in 2009. He was elected from Jhapa–7 in the 2013 Constituent Assembly election and became the leader of the CPN (UML) parliamentary party in 2014. He was elected chairman of CPN (UML) in July 2014.


### First Premiership
Oli was elected Prime Minister on October 11, 2015, with support from the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal, Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, and 13 other small parties. His first term was marked by the economic blockade imposed by India following the promulgation of Nepal's constitution. Oli took a defiant stance against India's demands to amend the constitution and signed trade and transit treaties with China to counteract Indian dependence. On July 24, 2016, after facing a no-confidence motion, Oli announced his resignation.


### Second Premiership
Oli was appointed Prime Minister for the second time on February 15, 2018, after the CPN (UML) became the largest party in the House of Representatives following the 2017 elections, with support from the CPN (Maoist Centre). The left alliance of the CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) merged to form the Nepal Communist Party (NCP) on May 17, 2018, giving Oli a two-thirds majority in the House. In May 2020, Oli's government unveiled new maps of Nepal including disputed territories, leading to a "cartographic war" with India. The constitutional amendment to update the official map was passed unanimously.

In December 2020, Oli recommended the dissolution of the House of Representatives and called for fresh elections amid internal party conflict, but this decision was overturned by the Supreme Court in February 2021. The court reinstated the House and invalidated the ruling party, reducing Oli's government to a coalition. The CPN (Maoist Centre) withdrew its support in May 2021, turning Oli's government into a minority. Oli failed to win a vote of confidence on May 10, 2021, and was subsequently appointed as a caretaker prime minister.


### Third Premiership
Oli was appointed Prime Minister for the third time on May 13, 2021, as a minority prime minister. Following the dissolution of the House of Representatives on May 22, 2021, Oli's government became an interim government. On July 12, 2021, the Supreme Court ruled the dissolution unlawful and ordered the appointment of Sher Bahadur Deuba as prime minister.

### Recent Developments and Electoral History
Recently, Oli was appointed chairman of CPN (UML) at the party convention in Chitwan. He has been elected to the House of Representatives from Jhapa in 1991, 1994, 1999, and 2017 on a CPN (UML) ticket. He won from two constituencies in the 1999 election, gave up his Jhapa–6 seat, and was elected again in 2013. Since the new constitution, he has contested and won elections from the Jhapa-5 seat in 2017 and 2022.







Image source : <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KP_Sharma_Oli#/media/File:KP_Oli.png"></a>

खड्ग प्रसाद शर्मा ओली (नेपाली: खड्ग प्रसाद शर्मा ओली, जन्म २२ फेब्रुअरी १९५२) एक नेपाली कम्युनिष्ट राजनीतिज्ञ र पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री हुन्। उनले ११ अक्टोबर २०१५ देखि ३ अगस्त २०१६ सम्म र १५ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ देखि १३ जुलाई २०२१ सम्म दुई कार्यकाल प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा सेवा गरेका छन्। नयाँ संविधान अन्तर्गतको पहिलो आम निर्वाचनपछि नियुक्त हुने पहिलो प्रधानमन्त्रीका रुपमा उनी थिए।

ओलीले २०१५ को नेपाल नाकाबन्दीको दौरान र त्यसपछि भारतीय सरकारसँगको सम्बन्धमा कडा अडान लिए। उनले नेपालको पारम्परिक निकट व्यापार सम्बन्धलाई सुदृढ गर्दै चीनसँग सम्बन्ध सुदृढ गरे र संविधान संशोधन गरेर भारतसँग विवादित भूभागहरूलाई समेटेर नेपालको नक्सा अद्यावधिक गरे। यसका लागि उनले केही आन्तरिक प्रशंसा र राष्ट्रवादीको प्रतिष्ठा पाएका छन्। कार्यालयमा रहँदा ओलीले आफ्ना विवादास्पद टिप्पणी, आलोचकहरू र सञ्चारमाध्यमप्रति शत्रुता, सहकर्मी र व्यवसायिक सहयोगीहरूसँगको भ्रष्टाचारमाथि मौनता, आर्थिक वृद्धिमा असफलता, र ऐतिहासिक बहुमतको बाबजुद बजेटरी खर्चबाट विचलित हुनेको लागि विवादित बने।
प्रारम्भिक राजनीतिक करियर

ओली एक बाहुन परिवारमा जन्मेका थिए। उनले १९६६ मा पार्टीविहीन पञ्चायत प्रणालीको विरोधमा आफ्नो राजनीतिक करियर सुरु गरे। उनले फेब्रुअरी १९७० मा नेपाली कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीमा सामेल भए। उनले १९७० मा पहिलो पटक गिरफ्तार गरिएका थिए। एक वर्षपछि उनी पार्टीको जिल्ला समिति सदस्य बने र १९७२ मा झापा आन्दोलनको आयोजन समिति प्रमुख बने। १९७३ देखि १९८७ सम्म निरन्तर १४ वर्ष जेलमा बसे। १९८७ मा जेलबाट मुक्त भएपछि उनी नेकपा (एमाले) को केन्द्रीय समिति सदस्य र लुम्बिनी क्षेत्रको इन्चार्ज बने।
बहुदलीय लोकतन्त्र (१९९१–२००६)

१९९० को जनआन्दोलनपछि उनी १९९१ मा झापा–६ बाट प्रतिनिधि सभामा निर्वाचित भए। उनी १९९२ मा नेकपा (एमाले) को विदेशी सम्बन्ध विभाग प्रमुख नियुक्त भए। उनी १९९४ मा पुनः संसदमा निर्वाचित भए र मनमोहन अधिकारीको अल्पमत सरकारमा गृहमन्त्री भए। उनी १९९९ मा झापा क्षेत्र नम्बर २ र ६ बाट पुनः निर्वाचित भए र झापा–६ सीट त्याग गरे।
संक्रमण काल

ओली २००६ मा गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइरालाको अन्तरिम सरकारमा उपप्रधानमन्त्री र परराष्ट्रमन्त्री नियुक्त भए। उनले मदन भण्डारीको मृत्युको जाँचसम्बन्धी समिति पनि हेरे। उनी २००८ को संविधानसभा चुनावमा झापा–७ बाट पराजित भए। उनी २०१३ को संविधानसभा चुनावमा झापा–७ बाट निर्वाचित भए र ४ फेब्रुअरी २०१४ मा नेकपा (एमाले) संसदीय दलको नेता बने। ओली २०१४ को पार्टीको नवौं महाधिवेशनमा अध्यक्ष निर्वाचित भए।
पहिलो प्रधानमन्त्री कार्यकाल

ओली ११ अक्टोबर २०१५ मा प्रधानमन्त्री निर्वाचित भए। उनको उम्मेदवारीलाई एकीकृत नेकपा (माओवादी), राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी नेपाल, र मधेसी जन अधिकार फोरम लगायत १३ साना पार्टीहरूले समर्थन गरे। उनको पहिलो कार्यकाल भारतीय नाकाबन्दीको कारणले चिन्हित भयो।
दोस्रो प्रधानमन्त्री कार्यकाल

ओली १५ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ मा दोस्रो पटक प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त भए। २०१७ को आम चुनावपछि एमाले संसदको ठूलो दल बनेको थियो। १७ मे २०१८ मा नेकपा (एमाले) र नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र) एकीकरण पछि नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (नेकपा) गठन भयो। २०२० मा ओली सरकारले कालापानी, लिपुलेख र लिम्पियाधुरा समेटिएको नेपालको नयाँ नक्सा प्रकाशित गर्यो।
तेस्रो प्रधानमन्त्री कार्यकाल

ओली १३ मे २०२१ मा तेस्रो पटक प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त भए। तर १२ जुलाई २०२१ मा सर्वोच्च अदालतले संसद विघटनको सिफारिसलाई असंवैधानिक ठहर गर्दै नेपाली कांग्रेसका अध्यक्ष शेरबहादुर देउवालाई प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्न आदेश दियो।
व्यक्तिगत जीवन र चुनावी इतिहास

हालै ओलीलाई चितवनमा भएको पार्टी अधिवेशनमा नेकपा (एमाले) को अध्यक्ष नियुक्त गरिएको छ। उनले १९९१, १९९४, १९९९ र २०१७ मा झापाबाट प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्यका लागि चुनाव जितेका छन्। नयाँ संविधानको घोषणा पछि, उनले २०१७ र २०२२ मा झापा-५ बाट दुई पटक चुनाव जितेका छन्।